(FILES) A pedestrian (centre R) walks with a portable fan on a hot day amid a heatwave in Tokyo's Shinjuku district on August 30, 2025. Japan's population dropped by a record 2.5 percent in the span of five years, census data showed on May 29, 2026, as the world's fourth-largest economy struggles to overcome demographic woes. (Photo by Philip FONG / AFP via Getty Images)